!!################################ !!ALSA Information Script v 0.4.60 !!################################ !!Script ran on: Mon May 2 17:54:03 UTC 2011 !!Linux Distribution !!------------------ Ubuntu 11.04 \n \l DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.04" !!DMI Information !!--------------- Manufacturer: System manufacturer Product Name: System Product Name Product Version: System Version !!Kernel Information !!------------------ Kernel release: 2.6.38-8-generic Operating System: GNU/Linux Architecture: x86_64 Processor: x86_64 SMP Enabled: Yes !!ALSA Version !!------------ Driver version: 1.0.23 Library version: 1.0.24.1 Utilities version: 1.0.24.2 !!Loaded ALSA modules !!------------------- snd_via82xx !!Sound Servers on this system !!---------------------------- Pulseaudio: Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/pulseaudio) Running - Yes ESound Daemon: Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/esd) Running - No !!Soundcards recognised by ALSA !!----------------------------- 0 [V8237 ]: VIA8237 - VIA 8237 VIA 8237 with AD1888 at 0xa000, irq 22 !!PCI Soundcards installed in the system !!-------------------------------------- 00:11.5 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT8233/A/8235/8237 AC97 Audio Controller (rev 60) !!Advanced information - PCI Vendor/Device/Subsystem ID's !!-------------------------------------------------------- 00:11.5 0401: 1106:3059 (rev 60) Subsystem: 1043:810d !!Modprobe options (Sound related) !!-------------------------------- snd-atiixp-modem: index=-2 snd-intel8x0m: index=-2 snd-via82xx-modem: index=-2 snd-usb-audio: index=-2 snd-usb-caiaq: index=-2 snd-usb-ua101: index=-2 snd-usb-us122l: index=-2 snd-usb-usx2y: index=-2 snd-cmipci: mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388 snd-pcsp: index=-2 snd-usb-audio: index=-2 !!Loaded sound module options !!-------------------------- !!Module: snd_via82xx ac97_clock : 48000 ac97_quirk : (null) dxs_init_volume : 31 dxs_support : 4 enable : N id : (null) index : -1 joystick : N mpu_port : 0 nodelay : 0 !!AC97 Codec information !!--------------------------- --startcollapse-- 0-0/0: Analog Devices AD1888 PCI Subsys Vendor: 0x1043 PCI Subsys Device: 0x810d Flags: 10 Capabilities : -headphone out- DAC resolution : 20-bit ADC resolution : 16-bit 3D enhancement : No 3D Stereo Enhancement Current setup Mic gain : 0dB [ 0dB] POP path : pre 3D Sim. stereo : off 3D enhancement : off Loudness : off Mono output : MIX Mic select : Mic1 ADC/DAC loopback : off Double rate slots: 10/11 Extended ID : codec=0 rev=0 AMAP LDAC SDAC CDAC DSA=0 SPDIF DRA VRA Extended status : SPCV LDAC SDAC CDAC SPDIF=3/4 SPDIF VRA PCM front DAC : 48000Hz PCM Surr DAC : 44100Hz PCM LFE DAC : 44100Hz PCM ADC : 44100Hz SPDIF Control : Consumer PCM Category=0x2 Generation=1 Rate=44.1kHz AD18XX configuration Unchained : 0x1000,0x0000,0x0000 Chained : 0x0000,0x0000,0x0000 0:00 = 0090 0:02 = 0e0e 0:04 = 0e0e 0:06 = 801f 0:08 = 0000 0:0a = 0000 0:0c = 801f 0:0e = 801f 0:10 = 9f9f 0:12 = 9f9f 0:14 = 0000 0:16 = 9f9f 0:18 = 0808 0:1a = 0000 0:1c = 0808 0:1e = 0000 0:20 = 0000 0:22 = 0000 0:24 = 0000 0:26 = 000f 0:28 = 03c7 0:2a = 05c5 0:2c = bb80 0:2e = ac44 0:30 = ac44 0:32 = ac44 0:34 = 0000 0:36 = 9f80 0:38 = 9f9f 0:3a = 0824 0:3c = 0000 0:3e = 0000 0:40 = 0000 0:42 = 0000 0:44 = 0000 0:46 = 0000 0:48 = 0000 0:4a = 0000 0:4c = 0000 0:4e = 0000 0:50 = 0000 0:52 = 0000 0:54 = 0000 0:56 = 0000 0:58 = 0000 0:5a = 0000 0:5c = 0000 0:5e = 0000 0:60 = 8080 0:62 = 0000 0:64 = 0000 0:66 = 0000 0:68 = 0000 0:6a = 0000 0:6c = 0000 0:6e = 0000 0:70 = 0000 0:72 = 0004 0:74 = 1001 0:76 = 7c20 0:78 = 0000 0:7a = 0000 0:7c = 4144 0:7e = 5368 --endcollapse-- !!ALSA Device nodes !!----------------- crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 6 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/controlC0 crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 5 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0c crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 4 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 3 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1c crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 2 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1p crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 1 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/seq crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 33 May 2 20:51 /dev/snd/timer /dev/snd/by-path: total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 May 2 20:51 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 200 May 2 20:51 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 May 2 20:51 pci-0000:00:11.5 -> ../controlC0 !!Aplay/Arecord output !!------------ APLAY **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: V8237 [VIA 8237], device 0: VIA 8237 [VIA 8237] Subdevices: 4/4 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 Subdevice #1: subdevice #1 Subdevice #2: subdevice #2 Subdevice #3: subdevice #3 card 0: V8237 [VIA 8237], device 1: VIA 8237 [VIA 8237] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 ARECORD **** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices **** card 0: V8237 [VIA 8237], device 0: VIA 8237 [VIA 8237] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: V8237 [VIA 8237], device 1: VIA 8237 [VIA 8237] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 !!Amixer output !!------------- !!-------Mixer controls for card 0 [V8237] Card hw:0 'V8237'/'VIA 8237 with AD1888 at 0xa000, irq 22' Mixer name : 'Analog Devices AD1888' Components : 'AC97a:41445368' Controls : 52 Simple ctrls : 34 Simple mixer control 'Master',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Front Left: Playback 17 [55%] [-21.00dB] [on] Front Right: Playback 17 [55%] [-21.00dB] [on] Simple mixer control 'Master Mono',0 Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Playback 0 [0%] [-46.50dB] [off] Simple mixer control 'Master Surround',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Front Left: Playback 17 [55%] [-21.00dB] [on] Front Right: Playback 17 [55%] [-21.00dB] [on] Simple mixer control 'Headphone Jack Sense',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [off] Simple mixer control 'PCM',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Front Left: Playback 23 [74%] [0.00dB] [on] Front Right: Playback 23 [74%] [0.00dB] [on] Simple mixer control 'Surround',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Front Left: Playback 0 [0%] [-46.50dB] [off] Front Right: Playback 0 [0%] [-46.50dB] [off] Simple mixer control 'Surround Jack Mode',0 Capabilities: enum Items: 'Shared' 'Independent' Item0: 'Shared' Simple mixer control 'Center',0 Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off] Simple mixer control 'LFE',0 Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Playback 0 [0%] [-46.50dB] [off] Simple mixer control 'Line',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Front Left: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Capture [off] Front Right: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'Line Jack Sense',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [off] Simple mixer control 'CD',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Front Left: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Capture [off] Front Right: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'Mic',0 Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Playback channels: Mono Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Front Left: Capture [on] Front Right: Capture [on] Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost ( 20dB)',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [off] Simple mixer control 'Mic Select',0 Capabilities: enum Items: 'Mic1' 'Mic2' Item0: 'Mic1' Simple mixer control 'Video',0 Capabilities: cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Front Left: Capture [off] Front Right: Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'Phone',0 Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Playback channels: Mono Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Mono: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Front Left: Capture [off] Front Right: Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] Simple mixer control 'IEC958 Output',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [off] Simple mixer control 'IEC958 Playback AC97-SPSA',0 Capabilities: volume volume-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Capture channels: Mono Limits: 0 - 3 Mono: 0 [0%] Simple mixer control 'IEC958 Playback Source',0 Capabilities: enum Items: 'AC-Link' 'A/D Converter' Item0: 'AC-Link' Simple mixer control 'Aux',0 Capabilities: pvolume pswitch cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Playback 0 - 31 Front Left: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Capture [off] Front Right: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off] Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'Capture',0 Capabilities: cvolume cswitch penum Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Limits: Capture 0 - 15 Front Left: Capture 8 [53%] [12.00dB] [on] Front Right: Capture 8 [53%] [12.00dB] [on] Simple mixer control 'Mix',0 Capabilities: cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Front Left: Capture [off] Front Right: Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'Mix Mono',0 Capabilities: cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum Capture exclusive group: 0 Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right Front Left: Capture [off] Front Right: Capture [off] Simple mixer control 'Channel Mode',0 Capabilities: enum Items: '2ch' '4ch' '6ch' Item0: '2ch' Simple mixer control 'Downmix',0 Capabilities: enum Items: 'Off' '6 -> 4' '6 -> 2' Item0: 'Off' Simple mixer control 'Exchange Front/Surround',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [off] Simple mixer control 'External Amplifier',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] Simple mixer control 'High Pass Filter Enable',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] Simple mixer control 'Input Source Select',0 Capabilities: enum Items: 'Input1' 'Input2' Item0: 'Input1' Simple mixer control 'Input Source Select',1 Capabilities: enum Items: 'Input1' 'Input2' Item0: 'Input1' Simple mixer control 'Spread Front to Surround and Center/LFE',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [off] Simple mixer control 'V_REFOUT Enable',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] !!Alsactl output !!------------- --startcollapse-- state.V8237 { control.1 { iface MIXER name 'Master Surround Playback Switch' value.0 true value.1 true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.2 { iface MIXER name 'Master Surround Playback Volume' value.0 17 value.1 17 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -4650 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 -2100 dbvalue.1 -2100 } } control.3 { iface MIXER name 'Center Playback Switch' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.4 { iface MIXER name 'Center Playback Volume' value 31 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 1 range '0 - 31' dbmin -4650 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 0 } } control.5 { iface MIXER name 'LFE Playback Switch' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.6 { iface MIXER name 'LFE Playback Volume' value 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 1 range '0 - 31' dbmin -4650 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 -4650 } } control.7 { iface MIXER name 'Surround Playback Switch' value.0 false value.1 false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.8 { iface MIXER name 'Surround Playback Volume' value.0 0 value.1 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -4650 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 -4650 dbvalue.1 -4650 } } control.9 { iface MIXER name 'Master Playback Switch' value.0 true value.1 true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.10 { iface MIXER name 'Master Playback Volume' value.0 17 value.1 17 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -4650 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 -2100 dbvalue.1 -2100 } } control.11 { iface MIXER name 'Master Mono Playback Switch' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.12 { iface MIXER name 'Master Mono Playback Volume' value 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 1 range '0 - 31' dbmin -4650 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 -4650 } } control.13 { iface MIXER name 'Phone Playback Switch' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.14 { iface MIXER name 'Phone Playback Volume' value 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 1 range '0 - 31' dbmin -3450 dbmax 1200 dbvalue.0 -3450 } } control.15 { iface MIXER name 'Mic Playback Switch' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.16 { iface MIXER name 'Mic Playback Volume' value 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 1 range '0 - 31' dbmin -3450 dbmax 1200 dbvalue.0 -3450 } } control.17 { iface MIXER name 'Mic Boost ( 20dB)' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.18 { iface MIXER name 'Line Playback Switch' value.0 false value.1 false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.19 { iface MIXER name 'Line Playback Volume' value.0 0 value.1 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -3450 dbmax 1200 dbvalue.0 -3450 dbvalue.1 -3450 } } control.20 { iface MIXER name 'CD Playback Switch' value.0 false value.1 false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.21 { iface MIXER name 'CD Playback Volume' value.0 0 value.1 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -3450 dbmax 1200 dbvalue.0 -3450 dbvalue.1 -3450 } } control.22 { iface MIXER name 'Aux Playback Switch' value.0 false value.1 false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.23 { iface MIXER name 'Aux Playback Volume' value.0 0 value.1 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -3450 dbmax 1200 dbvalue.0 -3450 dbvalue.1 -3450 } } control.24 { iface MIXER name 'PCM Playback Switch' value.0 true value.1 true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.25 { iface MIXER name 'PCM Playback Volume' value.0 23 value.1 23 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -3450 dbmax 1200 dbvalue.0 0 dbvalue.1 0 } } control.26 { iface MIXER name 'Capture Source' value.0 Mic value.1 Mic comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 2 item.0 Mic item.1 CD item.2 Video item.3 Aux item.4 Line item.5 Mix item.6 'Mix Mono' item.7 Phone } } control.27 { iface MIXER name 'Capture Switch' value.0 true value.1 true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 2 } } control.28 { iface MIXER name 'Capture Volume' value.0 8 value.1 8 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 15' dbmin 0 dbmax 2250 dbvalue.0 1200 dbvalue.1 1200 } } control.29 { iface MIXER name 'Mic Select' value Mic1 comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 Mic1 item.1 Mic2 } } control.30 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Playback Con Mask' value '0fff000f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000' comment { access read type IEC958 count 1 } } control.31 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Playback Pro Mask' value cf00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 comment { access read type IEC958 count 1 } } control.32 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Playback Default' value '0082000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000' comment { access 'read write' type IEC958 count 1 } } control.33 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Playback Switch' value true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.34 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Playback AC97-SPSA' value 0 comment { access 'read write' type INTEGER count 1 range '0 - 3' } } control.35 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Playback Source' value AC-Link comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 AC-Link item.1 'A/D Converter' } } control.36 { iface MIXER name 'Exchange Front/Surround' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.37 { iface MIXER name 'V_REFOUT Enable' value true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.38 { iface MIXER name 'High Pass Filter Enable' value true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.39 { iface MIXER name 'Spread Front to Surround and Center/LFE' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.40 { iface MIXER name Downmix value Off comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 Off item.1 '6 -> 4' item.2 '6 -> 2' } } control.41 { iface MIXER name 'Surround Jack Mode' value Shared comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 Shared item.1 Independent } } control.42 { iface MIXER name 'Channel Mode' value '2ch' comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 '2ch' item.1 '4ch' item.2 '6ch' } } control.43 { iface MIXER name 'Headphone Jack Sense' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.44 { iface MIXER name 'Line Jack Sense' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.45 { iface MIXER name 'External Amplifier' value true comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.46 { iface MIXER name 'Input Source Select' value Input1 comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 Input1 item.1 Input2 } } control.47 { iface MIXER name 'Input Source Select' index 1 value Input1 comment { access 'read write' type ENUMERATED count 1 item.0 Input1 item.1 Input2 } } control.48 { iface MIXER name 'IEC958 Output Switch' value false comment { access 'read write' type BOOLEAN count 1 } } control.49 { iface PCM name 'PCM Playback Volume' value.0 31 value.1 31 comment { access 'read write inactive' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -9999999 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 0 dbvalue.1 0 } } control.50 { iface PCM subdevice 1 name 'PCM Playback Volume' value.0 31 value.1 31 comment { access 'read write inactive' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -9999999 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 0 dbvalue.1 0 } } control.51 { iface PCM subdevice 2 name 'PCM Playback Volume' value.0 31 value.1 31 comment { access 'read write inactive' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -9999999 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 0 dbvalue.1 0 } } control.52 { iface PCM subdevice 3 name 'PCM Playback Volume' value.0 31 value.1 31 comment { access 'read write inactive' type INTEGER count 2 range '0 - 31' dbmin -9999999 dbmax 0 dbvalue.0 0 dbvalue.1 0 } } } --endcollapse-- !!All Loaded Modules !!------------------ Module binfmt_misc snd_via82xx snd_via82xx_modem gameport snd_ac97_codec ac97_bus snd_pcm snd_mpu401_uart radeon snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi snd_seq_midi_event ttm snd_seq drm_kms_helper drm snd_timer i2c_algo_bit snd_seq_device lp shpchp ppdev psmouse amd64_edac_mod parport_pc parport pl2303 i2c_viapro serio_raw edac_core snd usbserial asus_atk0110 k8temp snd_page_alloc soundcore edac_mce_amd 8139too via_rhine pata_via floppy 8139cp sata_via !!ALSA/HDA dmesg !!------------------